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War and Expulsion


    In 1943, 21,000 people of Japanese ancestry were expelled from a 100 mile wide coastal zone in the interest of "national security", and relocated to hastily arranged road work, or evacuation camps. 63% of evacuees were Canadian-born and 14% naturalized citizens. Not on act of sabotage was committed.

Impounded Boats, New Westminster

1,200 fishing boats were impounded. The Japanese Canadian Citizens League and the New Canadian newspaper counseled cooperation with authorities saying this war crisis was "the acid test" of Japanese Canadian loyalty. Photo 1942

Men's Dorm, Hastings Park

The Livestock Building at Hastings Park was the processing centre for the new B.C.Security commission which directed the total evacuation of all Japanese Canadians from the coast. Photo 1942, courtesy Vancouver Public Library

Rosebery Road Camp, B.C.

In March 1942, all Japanese males, Canadian born and naturalized citizens alike, were ordered to road camps in B.C. and Ontario. Those who protested and evaded evacuation were arrested. Photo circa 1942, courtesy of the Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre

Impounded Cars

Property that could not be carried by hand was held by the Custodian of Alien Property for "safekeeping". Cars were turned in at Hastings Park. Within a year the goods wre sold without consent. Photo 1942, courtesy Vancouver Public Library

Women's Dorm, Hastings Park

The Hastings Park transfer centre held up to 4,000 awaiting relocation to the interior. The separation of families was protested. Conditions were humiliating. Photo 1941, courtesy Vancouver Public Library

Nisei Men Leave for Road Camp

The evacuation had begun without a plan. In April it was decided that remote B.C. ghost towns, abandoned after the gold rush, would be used to house expelled Japanese Canadians. Photo 1942, courtesy Vancouver Public Library

Immigration Building, Vancouver

The Nisei Mass Evacuation Group protested the break-up of families. Many, in protest, gave themselves up en masse. The Immigration Building holding detainees and Ontario prison camps filled to capacity. Photo circa 1942, courtesy Vancouver Public Library

Evacuation Camps


    In remote valleys the sparse local caucasian population cautiously welcomed the newcomers and ultimately coexisted amicably. Evacuees waited for permission to return home. When word came that properties and belongings were being sold off by the B.C. Security Commission, hopes were dashed. In the isolated beauty of the mountains, life in the camps was a state of limbo between a shattered past and an uncertain future. Denied the right to own property or establish businesses in Canada, except by permission of the Ministry of Justice, Japanese Canadians were confounded.

Slocan Tents

By the summer of 1942, special trains left Hastings Park, Vancouver and Fraser Valley daily, bound for the interior camps. The camps were unprepared and tents were required. Photo 1942, courtesy of Roy Miki

Tashme Arrival

A crowd lines the road to watch as truckloads of evacuees arrive at Tashme. Some were shipped in community groups preserving social ties. Others were isolated from family and friends. Photo 1942, courtesy of the Archives of Ontario

Bay Farm, Slocan Valley

In isolated locations, rows of two-family shacks were built, and although without barbed wire fences, they were "guarded" by the RCMP. Letters were censored, registration cards issued, and no one could leave without a permit. Photo circa 1942, courtesy of the Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre

Tar Paper Shacks

The first winter temperatures dropped to minus 25F. Green firewood provided little warmth in uninsulated shacks. Water pipes froze, icicles dripped down the walls, clothing and bedding mildewed. Photo 1942, courtesy of the Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre

Couple in Bedroom, Lemon Creek

Two families were housed in 3-room shacks. Each of the two families numbered from two to five. The communal room had a wood cook stove and, later, a sink. Behind was an outhouse and patch of land for gardening. Photo 1945, courtesy of the Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre

Staff of Tashme High School

Primary school in the camps was federally run. Roman Catholic, Anglican, and United churches lent support to a kindergarten and high school teaching staff to 125 drawn from the evacuees. Photo 1945, courtesy of Roy Ito.





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