Building the Community

	Nakano Berry Farm, Port Hammond British Columbia's rich resources lured the settlers to clear land up the Fraser Valley that had been logged over. Farms were established, families settled down, and farming co-operatives formed. Photo 1914, courtesy of the Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre
	Picnic at Jericho Beach Family and group relationships had an enormous influence on Japanese Canadians. Self-efficiency was a strength, but differences, like language, set them apart from the rest of the society. Photo 1921, courtesy of Ken Kustukake
	Japanese Citizens School In the early yeas children were taught at separate schools in Japanese. In 1912, the Japanese Citizens School board recommended the school focus only on language and that children attend regular public schools. Photo circa 1912, courtesy of Ken Kutsukake
	Dominion Day Float The Japanese in Canada celebrated holidays and festivals of both their native and their adopted lands - as with this Dominion Day float. Photo 1916, courtesy of Ken Kutsukake
	English Class These issei women are learning English with Kaburagi Sensei (teacher). Only a minority of issei mastered English. Their nisei children would use Japanese at home, but English was their primary tongue. Photo circa 1925, courtesy of the Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre

Struggle for Citizenship Rights

	Etsu Suzuki and Toshiko Tamura Etsu Suzuki, editor of the Tairiku Nippo, helped found the Japanese Labour Union. Toshiko Tamura was a novelist and "modern woman" in Japan. They worked together and were married in 1923. Photo circa 1927, courtesy of Midori and Yoriki Iwasaki
	Academy of Useful Arts By the '30s, 84 associations and clubs served the Vancouver area Japanese Canadian community. These nisei women study outside of the community at the Academy of Useful Arts. Photo 1936, courtesy of the Archives of Ontario
	Ottawa Delegation In 1936, the Japanese Canadian Citizens League sent a delegation to Ottawa, S.I.Hayakawa, M. Kobayashi, H. Hyodo, and Dr. E.C. Banno, to lobby for the franchise - the right to vote - to no avail. Photo 1936, courtesy of the Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre
	Powell Street and Main Japan's aggressions in the East cast a shadow over Powell Street. Some politicians spoke of expelling those of "the Japanese race" from Canada. Registration of people of Japanese ancestry began in March 1941. Photo 1941, courtesy of the Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre
	Enemy Alien Notice, December, 1941 Japan's bombing of Pearl Harbor in December, 1941 stunned the Japanese Canadian community. It provided anti-Japanese interest in the province with a golden opportunity. Photo 1941, courtesy of the Vancouver Public Library
	Man on Street Questioned, Vancouver In January 1942, all Japanese national males aged 18-45 were ordered removed on short notice to work on mountain road projects. Curfews were imposed. Photo 1942, courtesy of the Vancouver Public Library